India’s fish export industry has grown in the global seafood market. With its vast coastline stretching over 7,500 kilometres and numerous rivers and lakes, India has become one of the world’s leading fish exporters. From small fishing villages to modern processing plants, the fishing industry supports millions of Indian families and brings valuable foreign income to the country.
In 2023-24, India’s fish exports reached an impressive $8.4 billion, making the seafood industry one of India’s most important export sectors. The industry employs over 14.5 million people, from fishermen to processing workers and exporters. Each year, India produces around 14.16 million metric tons of fish, roughly 30% going to international markets.
Table of Contents
What Is Fish Export?
Fish export means selling and shipping fish products from India to other countries. This includes fresh fish, frozen fish, and processed seafood items. The business involves catching or farming fish, processing them according to international standards, and shipping them while maintaining proper temperature and quality.
Types of Fish Commonly Exported from India
Marine Products
- Shrimp (especially Vannamei and Black Tiger varieties)
- Tuna (Yellowfin and Skipjack)
- Sardines
- Mackerel
- Squid and Cuttlefish
- Lobster
- Various ornamental fish
Freshwater Fish
- Rohu
- Catla
- Pangasius
- Tilapia
Marine Products
Marine Products have always been India’s strength in exports.
Shrimp, particularly the Vannamei and Black Tiger shrimp varieties, tops the fish export market. Vannamei shrimp is especially popular because it grows quickly and adapts well to farming conditions. Black Tiger shrimp commands premium prices in luxury markets worldwide due to its distinctive taste and size.
Tuna export has increased, with both Yellowfin and Skipjack varieties being in high demand. These fish are mainly caught from deep waters and are exported fresh or frozen, depending on the destination market.
Sardines and mackerel form a substantial part of exports to Southeast Asian countries, where these fish are staple food items.
The seafood export basket also includes high-value items like squid and cuttlefish, which are particularly popular in Mediterranean cuisines.
Lobster exports, though smaller in volume, bring in significant revenue due to their premium pricing.
Freshwater Fish
In the freshwater fish category, India exports large quantities of Rohu, Catla, Pangasius, and Tilapia. These fish are mostly farm-raised under controlled conditions, with quality and supply throughout the year.
Pangasius, in particular, has seen growing demand due to its mild taste and affordable pricing.
Major Markets for Indian Fish Exports
United States
The United States stands as India’s largest seafood buyer, purchasing about 35% of India’s total fish exports. American buyers particularly favour Indian shrimp for its quality and pricing. The US market demands strict adherence to food safety standards and quality.
European Union
The European Union represents a market with stringent quality requirements. European buyers focus heavily on sustainable fishing practices and are willing to pay premium prices for products that meet their high standards. Documentation and traceability are important for success in this market.
China and Southeast Asia
China and Southeast Asian markets have shown remarkable growth in recent years. These markets prefer frozen fish and have a growing appetite for processed products. Chinese buyers often purchase in bulk quantities, making them leaders in the market.
Middle East
The Middle Eastern market appreciates fresh fish and is willing to pay premium prices for live seafood. This region’s demand has been growing steadily, particularly in countries like UAE and Saudi Arabia. The proximity to India allows for quick transportation, making it possible to supply fresh products regularly.
Japan
Japan remains a premium market, particularly for tuna exports. Japanese buyers are known for their exacting quality standards and specific packaging requirements. Success in the Japanese market is because of easier access to other high-end markets.
Regulatory Framework of Fish Export Industry in India
The fish export industry in India operates under strict regulatory oversight to ensure quality and safety and they are:
- The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) plays a central role in setting and enforcing safety standards. They ensure all processing facilities maintain proper hygiene and follow safe processing methods.
- FSSAI inspectors regularly visit facilities to check storage conditions and verify that workers are properly trained in food safety practices.
- The Export Inspection Council (EIC) works alongside FSSAI to maintain export quality. They conduct thorough inspections of processing facilities and issue health certificates that are crucial for international trade.
- EIC inspectors often perform surprise checks to ensure facilities maintain standards consistently, not just during scheduled inspections. Their certificates are respected worldwide and help Indian exporters access international markets.
- International standards form another layer of regulation. HACCP certification, which focuses on identifying and preventing food safety hazards, is mandatory for most export markets. ISO 9001:2015 certification proves that a facility follows proper quality management systems.
- Additionally, exporters must comply with specific requirements like EU health and safety regulations or US FDA standards, depending on their target markets.
Step-By-Step Export Process of Fish from India
Step 1: Sourcing of Fish
The fish export process from India starts with careful sourcing of fish.
Exporters must choose registered fishing boats or certified aquaculture farms as their suppliers. Each source must maintain proper documentation showing their compliance with fishing regulations or farming standards. Quality verification begins right at the source, with initial checks for freshness and proper handling.
Step 2: Processing of fish
Processing involves multiple steps, all carried out under strict hygiene conditions.
- First, workers clean and grade the fish according to size and quality.
- They then remove unwanted parts and prepare the fish according to buyer specifications. Some buyers want whole fish, while others prefer fillets or specific cuts.
- Throughout processing, the temperature must be carefully controlled to prevent spoilage.
At Jeelani Marine, we have world-class quality fish processing unit to maintain fish of high quality.
Step 3: Packaging of fish
Packaging plays a major role in preserving quality during transport. All materials must be food-grade and strong enough to protect the product. Labels must include detailed information about the product, including:
- Species name and form (whole, fillet, etc.)
- Production and expiry dates
- Net weight and storage temperature
- Producer details and traceability codes
Step 4: Fish Exporting Documentation
Export documentation is extensive. Basic documents like the export license and MPEDA registration prove the exporter’s legitimacy.
The IEC code allows for international trade, while GST registration is needed for domestic tax purposes. For each shipment, exporters must prepare several documents:
- Health certificates showing the product is safe for consumption
- Catch certificates proving legal fishing
- Certificates of origin showing where the fish came from
- Detailed packing lists and commercial invoices
- Bills of lading for shipping
Challenges Faced by Fish Exporters
- Quality Control and Preservation
Quality control presents constant challenges. Maintaining the cold chain from harvest to delivery requires sophisticated infrastructure. Exporters invest in modern cold storage facilities and refrigerated transport to prevent spoilage. Regular temperature monitoring and proper handling training help maintain product quality.
- Competition from Other Countries
Competition from other Asian countries puts pressure on Indian exporters. Vietnam offers lower prices, while Thailand has more advanced processing technology. To stay competitive, Indian exporters focus on quality improvements and value-added products. Many are investing in modern equipment and worker training to increase efficiency.
- Environmental Issues
Environmental concerns require careful attention. Overfishing threatens marine populations, while pollution affects coastal waters. Progressive exporters are adopting sustainable practices like:
- Using selective fishing gear to prevent bycatch
- Supporting fish population studies
- Implementing water recycling in processing plants
- Using eco-friendly packaging materials
- Supporting marine habitat conservation
Future Outlook and Conclusion
India’s fish export industry shows strong growth potential. Experts predict exports will reach $14 billion by 2025, driven by increasing global seafood demand. Improvements in cold chain infrastructure and processing technology will help capture this opportunity.
Success in this industry requires balancing various factors:
- Maintaining consistent quality throughout the supply chain
- Adopting sustainable practices to ensure long-term viability
- Investing in modern technology to improve efficiency
- Developing skilled workers through regular training
- Building strong relationships with international buyers
Starting a fish export business requires careful planning and significant investment. Understanding regulations, building reliable supplier networks, and establishing proper facilities are essential first steps. Success comes from attention to detail and commitment to quality at every stage of the operation.
With proper support and continued investment in infrastructure and technology, the fish export industry in India is well-positioned for sustained growth in the global seafood market.
The future success of India’s fish export industry depends on its ability to adapt to changing market demands while maintaining sustainable practices as we do at Jeelani Marine Products. Contact us to know more.
FAQs
- What are the most exported fish species from India?
Jeelani Marine Products exports (65%), followed by Black Tiger shrimp (15%), and various marine fish like tuna and sardines (20%).
- How can I start a fish export business in India?
Key steps include:
- Getting MPEDA registration
- Obtaining FSSAI certification
- Setting up processing facilities
- Building supplier networks
- Understanding export regulations
- What are the best practices for exporting seafood in India?
Essential practices include:
- Strict quality control
- Proper cold chain maintenance
- Regular staff training
- Documentation management
- Good supplier relationships
- What certifications are required for fish export from India?
Required certifications for exporting fish from India include:
- MPEDA registration
- FSSAI certification
- EIC approval
- HACCP compliance
- ISO certifications
- Importing country certificates